| Symptom Questionnaire and Laboratory Findings in Subjects with Airflow Limitation: a Nation-wide Survey. |
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Yong Il Hwang, Young Chul Kim, Jae Ho Lee, Min Jong Kang, Dong Gyu Kim, Soo Ock Kim, Tae Won Jang, Min Ki Lee, Youngsoo Ahn, Jee Hong Yoo, Ki Suck Jung |
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On Behalf of the COPD Survey Organizing Committee, Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. pulmoks@hallym.ac.kr |
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| Abstract |
BACKGROUND
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. COPD has systemic effects, such as skeletal muscle dysfunction and abnormal weight loss. It also has been suggested that COPD is related to other chronic disease, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and anemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate a symptom questionnaire and laboratory findings in subjects with air flow limitation. METHODS: We evaluated a symptom questionnaire and laboratory findings in subjects with airflow limitation detected by spirometry in conjunction with the Second Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 9,243 adults over the age of 18 were recruited. Among the adults, we finally analyzed 2,217 subjects who met the acceptability and repeatability criteria of spirometry, showed normal findings on chest radiography, and were older than 40 years of age. RESULTS: There were 288 subjects with airflow limitation as determined by spirometry. The frequency of respiratory symptoms such as cough, sputum and wheezing were significantly higher in subjects with airflow limitation (p<0.01). Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were higher in subjects with airflow limitation (hemoglobin level 13.98 mg/dL vs. 13.62 mg/dL, hematocrit 42.10% vs. 40.89%; p<0.01). The HDL cholesterol level was lower in subjects with airflow limitation (44.95 mg/dL vs. 45.60 mg/dL; p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and fasting glucose levels. CONCLUSION: In subjects with airflow limitation, prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher than in normal spirometry subjects and the levels of hemoglobin and the hematocrit were higher. The HDL cholesterol level was lower in subjects with airflow limitation. |
| Key Words:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Airflow limitation, Symptom questionnaire, Laboratory findings, Systemic effect |
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